The progress and excellence of females in the Islamic society is one of the fundamental concerns of Imam Khomeini in his interviews and speeches. He would frequently admit the importance and influence of women in the Islamic movement, as well as their important role in the progress of various fields in Iran. According to Imam Khomeini’s belief, women compared to men had an equal, and even sometimes bigger, role in the victory of the Islamic revolution in Iran. The Sacred Defense dramatic Literature has been principally formed to reflect historical incidents of the Islamic revolution and imposed Iran-Iraq war occurred between 1980-1988. The level of appropriateness and adaptability of the Sacred Defense dramatic Literature productions on the imposed war historical incident was assessed by comparing such productions with Imam Khomeini's opinions as the main axis of the Sacred Defense concept. The method used in this research is descriptive-comparative. The statistical society of this research is all of the holy Defense dramatic Literature works published between 1978 and 2009.The statistical samples include 120 plays including works of female and male authors. In this study, the influence of females on the Sacred Defense dramatic Literature against the words of Imam Khomeini have been considered as a basis to assess the conformity level of these works to the aforementioned historical incidents. Hence, females’ involvement in the production such works (as a writer) was firstly compared to male’s involvement. Then, statistics obtained regarding females’ involvement were compared to Imam Khomeini’s view points expressed in Imam's Sahifeh (a twenty-two volume book contained Imam's speeches and letters).The results showed that females have not enjoyed the historical status in the aforementioned art movement as desired by Imam Khomein.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study has been conducted on the place of mysticism in the Literature of Sacred Defense poetry. The main purpose of this study is to answer the question of whether mystical terms and teachings have been used in the Literature of the Sacred Defense system or not; If so, how did poets use mystical terms? METHODOLOGY: This research is of theoretical type, relying on qualitative content analysis. The research method is a library method based on the study of books and articles related to the subject, which has carefully extracted and evaluated the required data from sources using the method of taking notes. FINDINGS: Among the studied poems, those that had a mystical approach were extracted, and based on this, it was determined that the poets of the Holy Defense often used mystical teachings and terms in their poetry, and it was also determined that the poets were mystics. Practically and theoretically, they have also taken different positions in dealing with mysticism. CONCLUSION: What is the result of this research is the certainty of the connection between mysticism and its concepts with the Literature of Sacred Defense (poetry) and also the fact that the diversity of views and diversity of usage in relation to mysticism, combined with intensity and weakness, in the poems of observation poets Has been.

The present paper reports a study carried out to examine the process of selection of foreign novels and short stories for translation and the method (s) applied in their translation into Persian during the Iran-Iraq war in Iran. The results showed that in the hard times of the war, translation performed two opposite functions. One was to resist the importation of new forms and foreign values, which might have been conceived as insecure, in translation of novels through domestication, retranslation and reprint of old material, and the other was to mediate such importation and introduce the new and the foreign, particularly in translation of short stories in literary journals.

In Germany, as in Iran, all literary works in which war is addressed are traditionally counted as "war Literature"; however, it is very doubtful whether this can provide a picture of the attitudes of the authors of literary war books to the phenomenon of "war". The fact that, in addition to the term "war Literature", terms such as "anti-war Literature" (in Germany) and "Literature of holy defence" (in Iran) have also become established shows that the essence of literary war books can only be done justice if they are evaluated and subsumed against the background of their authors' attitudes towards war. The establishment of the term "anti-war Literature" alongside the term "war Literature" in Germany is due to different attitudes of the authors of literary war works to war, while in Iran the term "war Literature" is used sporadically and due to (almost) uniform attitudes of war writers to war, another widely used term, namely "the Literature of holy Defense", is preferred. Against the backdrop of Ernst Jünger’s and Hamidreza Taleghani’s attitudes towards war—Jünger as a representative of German war Literature and Taleghani of the Literature of the Holy Defense in Iran—this article aims to crystallize and justify the characteristics of war Literature and the Literature of the Holy Defense through a comparative study, highlighting that their authors' differing perspectives on war necessitate a distinct categorization of theirworks. Ernst Jünger als Inkarnation der Kriegsliteratur versus Hamidreza Taleghani als Inkarnation der Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung In Deutschland wie im Iran zählt man traditionell alle literarischen Werke, in denen der Krieg thematisiert wird, zur „Kriegsliteratur“; ob man damit ein Bild von Einstellungen der Verfasser von literarischen Kriegsbüchern zum Phänomen „Krieg“ liefern kann, ist jedoch sehr zweifelhaft. Die Tatsache, dass sich neben dem Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ auch Begriffe wie „Antikriegs¬literatur“ (in Deutschland) und „Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung“ (im Iran) etabliert haben, zeigt, dass man dem Wesen von literarischen Kriegsbü¬chern nur dann gerecht wird, wenn man sie vor dem Hintergrund von Ein¬stellungen ihrer Verfasser zum Krieg bewertet und subsumiert. Die Etablie¬rung des Begriffs „Antikriegsliteratur“ neben dem Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ in Deutschland hat den Grund in unterschiedlichen Einstellungen der Ver¬fasser von literarischen Kriegswerken zum Krieg, während man im Iran den Begriff „Kriegsliteratur“ sporadisch verwendet und aufgrund (fast) einheit¬licher Einstellungen von Kriegsliteraten zum Krieg einen anderen weit ver¬breiteten Begriff, nämlich „die Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung“ bevor¬zugt. Der vorliegende Beitrag will vor dem Hintergrund der Einstellungen von Ernst Jünger (als Inkarnation der Kriegsliteratur in Deutschland) und Hamidreza Taleghani (als Inkarnation der Literatur der heiligen Verteidi¬gung im Iran) zum Krieg in ihren literarischen Kriegswerken mit einer ver¬gleichenden Studie die Charakteristika der Kriegsliteratur und der Literatur der heiligen Verteidigung herauskristallisieren und zugleich rechtfertigen, dass eine Subsumierung von Kriegsbüchern wegen unterschiedlicher Ein¬stellungen ihrer Autoren zum Krieg unvermeidbar ist. Schlüsselwörter: Krieg, Nationalismus, Kriegsliteratur, Literatur der heiligen Ver¬teidigung, Antikriegsliteratur, Ästhetisierung des Kriegs, Verherrlichung des Verteidigungskriegs

Ta’ azieh's is considered as one of the most important subgenres of religious drama. In addition to the restoration, preservation and dissemination of Ashura, it has been known as the most important drama genre in Iran after Islam. Due to the influential role of Ashura teachings in the formation of the Islamic Revolution and the importance of restoration, preservation and dissemination of Ashura culture, Ta’ azieh attracted much more attention after the revolution. Also, starting the imposed war and the emergence and promotion of Sacred Defense dramatic Literature, playwrights in this field tried to take advantage of Ta’ azieh to increase the richness of their works. In fact, because the war was considered as the sequence of Hossein's movement taking effects from Ta’ azieh as one of the most important cultural-artistic tools to promote the teachings of Karbala incident was inevitable in theatrical works of this field. This paper has investigated and analyzed the way Ta’ azieh has affected the Sacred Defense dramatic Literature. To achieve this goal, the effects on the most important plays of this field has been analyzed from both structural and content aspects, and the quantity and quality of this effect has been explained from each of the two aspects.

During the Holy Defense period, Iran faced a wide military sanction from Western and Eastern countries. The armed forces, using the facilities available in their creative and innovative forces, worked with all their might and ended the imposed war with courage, perseverance, innovation and creativity with victory. In these years, Iran's Defense orientation in the field of weapons and military achievements has been based on security needs. Therefore, the industrial growth and development in various sectors in the field of military products production, including weapons and armor, naval, missile, air, etc., has gained a new boost, and it doubles the need to pay attention to politics by taking advantage of the lessons learned from the holy Defense. The purpose of this research is to compile lessons learned from the holy Defense in the policy making of Defense science and technology. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting library information is using a phishing tool. The results of the research show that the policy making of Defense science and technology is influenced by the factors of the perspective of the armed forces, mission and mission, environment (internal and external), Defense policies, Defense strategy, doctrine and principles of war, which can have strategic consequences in the organizational structure, human capital, Bring education, research, technology and Defense equipment and weapons.

Holy Defense cinema is one of the most popular cinematic genres, which due to its importance, has also attracted the attention of the academic community and scientific articles have been written in this field. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the existing scientific works related to the Sacred Defense cinema and the main question of the article is this; How is the performance of Sacred Defense cinema reflected in the scientific Literature? To answer this question, the method of systematic review of Literature according to Prisma review was used and 20 scientific articles were reviewed using the mentioned method. The results show that the method of data collection in research in this field is documentary. Although this approach meets some research needs, the field of Sacred Defense cinema also requires interviewing tools. Also, most of the researches were descriptive in terms of purpose, which is the simplest and most superficial research method. Regarding research strategies, case and historical study has been used a lot and the correlation strategy is less and most of the research is survey. In terms of research environment, most articles are presented as libraries; Hence, most articles lack statistical findings; Therefore, "reflecting the performance of Sacred Defense cinema in the scientific Literature" is a topic that needs further study. As a result, the pace of production of scientific resources on Sacred Defense, despite its capacity, is not good, and there is little Literature on the performance of Sacred Defense cinema.

The political culture of any country is formed from the characteristic attitudes of its people towards the major features of the political-social systems that exist within its borders, the nature and essence of the political system, the definition and determination of the powers and rites of government, and the role of individual and collective participation in government. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the start of the war imposed by the Iraqi Baath regime, the Islamic Republic of Iran reproduced many indicators of political culture in order to advance its goals. This research seeks to answer the main question, what were the indicators of Iran's political culture in the holy Defense. This research has been carried out in a descriptive and analytical way using documentary and library studies. The findings of this research show that the indicators of participation in elections, myth-making, xenophobia, enjoining good and forbidding evil, tolerance and tolerance, supporting the oppressed, seeking martyrdom, issuing revolution, anti-Westernism, waiting for the appearance of Hazrat Qaim (AS), Political mobilization, political parties, security environment, bigotry and imitation, factionalism and organization, and the political agency of the elites have played a significant role in the eight years of holy Defense and Iran's passing through this fateful moment in history.

Background and Aim: This study was conducted to benefit and utilize the scientific and experimental achievements of military medicine during eight years of holy Defense. The practical purpose of this study is to accurately record the performance and experiences of military medicine practitioners for valid reference. The comprehensiveness of this study in presenting military medicine practice in the field of health has not been observed in case studies. Materials and methods: The research method is a combination of library study, field research through oral questioning and interviewing, and the use of diary notes written in the course of events. Accurate recording of events by imagination, recording dates and names, observing time sequences, medical scheduling in medical centers from the beginning to the end of the Sacred Defense are the characteristics and contents of these notes which are considered as a rich source of value. Results: The pre-war form of health was officially present in army units, but military medicine was an emerging entity that emerged from the heart of Sacred Defense. The active involvement of the health sector in the Sacred Defense became a source of enormous impact. Holding meetings and conferences, organizing specialist forces, setting up training centers and specialized scientific committees, establishing and promoting field hospitals, developing dozens of effective prevention and treatment protocols and guidelines, unremitting efforts to realize a resilient economy and maintain human capital are among the achievements of military medicine. Although, during the decades leading up to the imposed war, medical schools were not properly trained on war-related medical issues, the combat physician was able to properly and scientifically deal with war-related health issues and the emerging issue of Defense against chemical warfare in Iran. Supply or logistics of blood and all kinds of blood products were among the duties that the organization was well placed to perform. Conclusion: The deliberate practice of military medicine in supervising the provision and supply of healthy and healthy food and water prevented any epidemics and general outbreaks of disease on the fronts. With the establishment of a specialized scientific committee, military medicine was able to develop the required comprehensive scientific and scientific style sheets and protocols based on the prevention and treatment of illnesses and the treatment of injuries and injuries and with the organization and training of more than 20, 000 people, cadres and people, and the supply of tens of thousands of tons of general and specialized logistics along with the nearly one million blood bags and blood products, there has been a tremendous improvement in health. Valuable martial arts experiences have led to the saving and saving of tens of billions of dollars in human capital and the establishment of two IRGC University of Medical Sciences (Baqiyatallah) and the military, along with several research institutes in the fields of martial arts, health and unexpected events.